The study of the dryland agricultural system shows, through pH/EC relationships, that EC is maintained at higher levels than the control where lime is applied, or where gypsum is applied alone after 2.5 years. Furthermore, the increases in EC due to lime generally result in a significant relationship between EC and aggregate stability. There is possibility of a synergistic ameliorative effect between lime and gypsum on soil sodicity levels, although this is not directly measured.For the irrigated agricultural system, it is observed that gypsum is the primary means of amelioration through Ca2+ exchange after 6 months, although these effects did not persist to 2.5 years. The EC effect of gypsum is not observed after 6 months or 2.5 years post-gypsum application and approximately 12.85 ML.ha-1 of infiltrating irrigation-water/rain. The results of this work show that the use of lime and gypsum in combination and alone is not necessarily viable for broadacre irrigated agriculture on two Lachlan Valley soils with pH >8.0.As it is apparent that the rate of gypsum dissolution is too high under the irrigated system studied, gypsum was combined with chicken manure/wheat straw compost (CMWSC) in order to investigate the potential of creating a slow release source of calcium (Ca2+). A leaching column experiment was conducted using a Brown Vertosol treated with C0G0 (CWMSC 0 t.ha-1, gypsum 5 t.ha-1), C0G5, C5G0, C5G5, C144G0, and C144G5. Columns were irrigated every two weeks for 14 weeks (6.5 ML.ha-1 of irrigation water in total). The application of gypsum alone was shown to be comparable to the C5G5 treated soil, although the C5G5 treated soil retained more Ca2+ and leached less Ca2+. Rapid decrease in soil electrolyte level was evident in all treated soils. The results of this study indicate that gypsum-enhanced CMWSC is more effective in ameliorating sodicity than the use of gypsum alone, due to a greater retention of exchangeable Ca2+.Despite mounting scientific evidence for the credibility of certain soil health management strategies such as those in this work, farmers remain hesitant to implement structured management plans and strategies. Hence, an investigation of the proportion of Lachlan and Macquarie Valley landholders who implement a structured soil health program was undertaken with focus on the impediments associated with the adoption of such programs. Non-parametric analysis of a mail-based survey supported with content analysis of landholder comments, suggests that the overall attitude towards soil health management is positive, although soil health management programs are often inconsistent, unstructured, or ad-hoc. Landholder knowledge of sodicity was found to be low, although landholders? do not believe that education is an impediment to program adoption. This research highlights that ongoing communication between landholders, agronomists, extension agencies and scientists is shown to be vital in the adoption of soil health management programs. While the initial investment in soil health management is perceived as an impediment, landholders indicate that production longevity and long-term financial gain are achievable.