This project continues to build on the work of previous project SC1301 during a critical time for the industry in promoting and improving stewardship of Bt and insecticides.

Even though large scale planting of Bt cotton started a decade ago, consequences on a landscape-scale have hardly been studied. Helicoverpa armigera and H.

The Sicala 340BRF fibre grown commercially over the last three seasons generally produced a fibre with variable quality.

The Australian cotton industry depends heavily on genetically engineered Bt cotton (currently in the form of Bollgard II®) which provides resistance to the key pests of cotton, larvae of the moths Helicoverpa armigera

Insects can respond to selection pressure by mobilising new defence mechanisms.