The world of natural resource management is extremely dynamic, and is underpinned by the knowledge of farmers, resource managers and local communities, as well as that of scientists and research organisations. The most practical, innovative ideas are grounded in intimate knowledge, understanding and experience. The multiple aims of maintaining a profitable agricultural business while managing and protecting the resource base can be combined. As the price of water and energy goes up, farming systems that close the loop will become more and more competitive, domestically and globally. Win-wins do happen, BUT we should never be under any delusion that they are inevitable, commonplace or even always possible.