As low densities of heliothis may survive on Bt transgenic plants late in the season, a specific late season control for heliothis is valuable to reduce the survival of individuals resistant to Bt toxin. Late season survivors could provide a pathway to carry resistance into the next season's first heliothis generation. Broad spectrum insecticides could target these late season heliothis, but also disrupt beneficial insects that can control minor pests at his time. Transgenic cotton is being promoted as an environmentally friendly crop and late season heliothis sprays detract from this image.