This project continues to build on the work of previous project SC1301 during a critical time for the industry in promoting and improving stewardship of Bt and insecticides.

The Australian cotton industry depends heavily on genetically engineered Bt cotton (currently in the form of Bollgard II®) which provides resistance to the key pests of cotton, larvae of the moths Helicoverpa armigera

Even though large scale planting of Bt cotton started a decade ago, consequences on a landscape-scale have hardly been studied. Helicoverpa armigera and H.

The Sicala 340BRF fibre grown commercially over the last three seasons generally produced a fibre with variable quality.

Insects can respond to selection pressure by mobilising new defence mechanisms.