This CRC Cotton Catchments funded project (1.03.42) identified a number of novel remote sensing applications that have the potential to improve both the economical and environmental sustainability of cotton farming in the future. Such applications included the improved direction of in-season agronomic crop assessments based on varying crop vigour zones, the rapid identification of a range of abiotic and biotic constraints allowing for targeted response, and the development of an image based algorithm for the prediction of total yield and yield variability prior to harvest.